Intangible Culture 무형문화연구 ISSN:2799-3868(Print)

Durgatiparishodhana Tantra introduces the contents of esoteric Buddhist rituals such as maṇḍala and ābhiṣeka, which are built to escape the dead from the worlds of hell, hungry ghosts, and animals after death. In addition, there are funeral ceremonies and rituals for saving living beings from evil worlds, rituals for the long life of saved living beings. And It explains how to perform the four types of homa to save living beings: śāntika[息災], pauṣṭika[增益], vaśīkaraṇa[敬愛], abhicārika[降伏]. Ācārya, who has been awarded the ābhiṣeka of the esoteric Buddhism, creates a maṇḍala and performs the ābhiṣeka to save the dead who have fallen into evil worlds. ‘Infinite Life Maṇḍala’ is a maṇḍala that is intended to bring benefits to both ordinary people who are afraid of falling into evil worlds and practitioners who aim to achieve enlightenment by obtaining longevity. ‘Life Achievement Maṇḍala’ is a maṇḍala to save living beings from unexpected death and achieve long life by obeying the god of death. ‘Wrath Maṇḍala’ is an wrathful Buddha maṇḍala that drives away all the hindrance demons that bring misfortune to living beings. Ācārya creates this maṇḍala and performs a ābhiṣeka ritual. The ābhiṣeka ritual enables the union of the ācārya and the specific buddha that make up the maṇḍala, and the ācārya can use the power of the buddha. According to this principle, ācārya invites the dead to the place of ābhiṣeka so that they can enter the maṇḍala, the world of Buddha. And at this time, the dead is freed from evil worlds by the mercy of Buddha.